Hepatotoxicity of Graded Doses of Ethanol Extract of Dialium guineense Stem Bark in Wistar Rats
Main Article Content
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the hepatotoxicity of graded doses of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense stem bark in Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 35), which weighed between 160 and 180 g (mean weight = 170 ± 10 g) were assigned to seven (7) groups (5 rats per group). Group I rats served as control, while those in groups II - VII received graded doses of extract (200 - 5000 mg/kg body weight, bwt) for 28 days. Liver function tests (LFTs) were carried out.
Results: There were no significant differences in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among the groups (p > 0.05). While there were no significant differences in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in groups II – V (p > 0.05), they were however, significantly increased in groups VI and VII, when compared with control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant increases in the concentrations of albumin, total protein, globulins, bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma of rats treated with graded doses of ethanol extract, relative to the control group (p > 0.05). In all instances, the basal activities and concentrations of the measured indices of liver function were not significantly different from the values after treatment (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The graded doses of ethanol extract of D. guineense stem bark did not elicit any deleterious effects on liver function indices.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Dasilva, E.J. and Hoareau, L. (2005). Medicinal plant: A re-emerging health aid, Division of Life Sciences, United Nation Economic and Scientific Organization. Pp. 56 – 70.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2008). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008. European Journal of Heart Failure. 10 (10): 933 – 989.
Curtis, K. and Watkins, J.B. (2010). Casarett and Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill Professional.
Cotran, R.S., Kumar, V., Fausto, N., Nelso, F., Robbins, S.L. and Abbas, A.K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. Pp. 878.
Schneider, M., Seiler, A., Förster, H., Roth, S., Wirth, E.K., Culmsee, C., Plesnila, N., Kremmer, E.l., Rådmark, O., Wurst, W., Bornkamm, G. W., Schweizer, U. and Conrad, M. (2008). "Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Senses and Translates Oxidative Stress into 12/15-Lipoxygenase Dependent- and AIF-Mediated Cell Death". Cell Metabolism. 8 (3): 237 – 248.
Suzuki, K., Tanaka, M., Watanabe, N., Saito, S., Nonaka, H., and Miyajima, A. (2008). "p75 Neurotrophin receptor is a marker for precursors of stellate cells and portal fibroblasts in mouse fetal liver". Gastroenterology. 135 (1): 270 – 281.
Aliyu, R., Okoye, Z. S. C. and Shier, W. T. (1995). The hepatoprotective cytochrome P-450 enzyme inhibitor isolated from Nigerian medicinal plant. Cochlospermum planchonii is a zinc salt. J. Ethnopharmacol. 48 (2): 89 - 97.
Dixit, V.A. (2019). “A simple model to solve a complex drug toxicity problem”. Toxicology Research. 8 (2): 157171.
Dalziel, J.M. and Hutchison, J. (1973). Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol.1 (2nd Ed). The White friars Press Ltd. London. Pp. 561.
Bero, J., Ganfon, H., Jonville, M.C., Frederich, M., Gbaguidi, F., De, M.P., Moudachirou, M. and Quetin, L.J. (2009). In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 122 (3): 439 - 444.
Arogba, S.S., Ajiboro, A. and Odukwe, I. (2006). A physicochemical study of Nigerianvelvet tamarind (Dialium guineense L.) fruit. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 66 (4): 533 – 534.
Abu, O.D., Imafidon, K.E. and Iribhogbe, M.E. (2015). Biochemical effect of aqueous leaf extract of Icacina trichanta Oliv. on urea, creatinine and kidney oxidative status in CCl4- induced Wistar rats. Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences. 5 (1): 85 - 89.
Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of ALT. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 28: 56.
Tietz, N.W. (1994). “Specimen Collection and Processing; Sources of Biological Variation,” Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
Henry, R.J., Sobel, C. and Beckman, S. (1957). Determination of serum protein by the Biuret reaction. Anal. Chem. 92 (149):1 – 5.
Bacon, F.C. (1946). The electrophoretic studies on the effect of protein depletion on plasma proteins and the regeneration of plasma proteins after oral administration of hydrolysates prepared from casein and lactalbumin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 47 (3): 297 – 316.
Jendrassik, L. and Grof, P. (1938). Estimation of total serum bilirubin level by spectrophotometrically in serum and plasma. Biochem Zeitschrift 297: 81 - 89.
Guttridge, J.M.C. and Wilkins, C. (1982). Cancer dependent hydroxyl radical damage to ascorbic acid. Formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive product. FEBS Lett. 137: 327 - 340.
Gupta, S., Lonsdale, D. and Wang, D.P. (1994). The recruitment of estuarine copepod: A biological- physical model. Journal of Marine Research. 52: 687 – 710.
Russmann, S., Gerd, A. and Grattagliano, I. (2009). Current concepts of mechanisms in drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Curr. Med. Chem. 16 (23): 3041 – 3053.
Abu, O.D., Orobator, O.N. and Momodu, I.B. (2022). Investigation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Extracts of Dialium guineense Stem Bark in Wistar Rats Exposed to CCl4. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 4 (2):123 -126.
Abu, O.D., Orobator, O.N. and Momodu, I.B. (2022). Evaluation of the Effect of Total Saponins and Tannins Isolated from Dialium guineense Stem Bark on CCl4 - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats. Global Journal of Medical and Clinical Case Reports. 9 (3): 035-038.
Friedman, S.E., Grendel, J.H. and McQuaid, K.R. (2003). Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Gastroenterology. New York. Lange Medical Books, McGraw Hill. Pp. 664 – 679.
Greenhough, S., Medine, C. and Hay, D.C. (2010). Pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocyte like cells and their potential in toxicity screening. Toxicology. 278: 250 – 255.
Nally, M. and Peter, F. (2006). GI/Liver secrets, with student consultacess. Saint Louis (MO): C.V. Mosty. Pp. 543.
Ostapowicz, G., Fontana, R.J. and Schiodt, F.V. (2002). Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 137: 947 – 954.
Thapa, B.R. and Walia, A. (2007). Liver function test and their interpretation. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 74 (7): 663 – 671.
Kozer, E., Evans, S., Barr, J., Greenberg, R. , Soriano, I., Bulkowstein, M., Petrov, I., Chen-Levi, Z., Barzilay, B. and Berkovitch, M. (2003). Glutathione, glutathione-dependent enzymes and antioxidant status in erythrocytes from children treated with high-dose paracetamol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 55 (3): 234 - 240
Girish, C., Koner, B.C., Jayanthi, S., Rao, K.R., Rajesh, B. and Pradhan, S.C. (2009). Hepatoprotective activity of six polyherbal formulations in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Indian J Med Res. 129 (5): 569 – 578.
Abu, O.D., Imafidon, K.E., Obayuwana, H.O. and Okwudiri, N.B. (2017). Hepatotoxic effect of methanol extract of citrullus lanatus seeds in Wistar albino rats. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Experimental Biology, 17 (4): 159 – 163.
Abu, O.D., Imafidon, K. E. and Iribhogbe M. E. (2017). Aqueous leaf extract of Icacina trichanta Oliv. ameliorates CCl4-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Experimental Biology. 17 (3): 107 - 111.