International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

The Role of Bromelain and Papain Proteolytic Potential Binding to Crystalline P23T Γd Protein in Congenital Cataracts

2024-04-01T10:17:14+00:00

Background: Congenital cataracts can cause permanent vision loss. The etiology of congenital cataracts varies widely. The exact etiology can’t be identified, but usually there an autosomal dominant inheritance.

Objective: To assess the proteolytic potential of Bromelain and Papain enzymes against Crystalline P23T γD.

Methods: This study is a pre-experimental study with a computer-based one shot case study approach. Papain enzyme data using 9PAP code and bromelain enzyme data using 1BI6 were obtained from the National Center of Biotechnology Information database (NCBI: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Assessment of the proteolytic potential of Bromelain and Papain enzymes against Crystalline P23T D data using 2KFB code cluspro

www.cluspro.bu.edu/home.php and data analysis.

Results: The binding affinity of bromelain is -735.1 KCal/Mol and papain is -730.4 KCal/Mol. Conclusion: The bromelain enzyme has a lower binding affinity value than the papain enzyme, so it has the ability to form stable bond to the crystalline P23T D protein better than papain enzyme.

Management of Neonatal Jaundice during Initial Health Care Visit

2024-03-24T00:49:40+00:00

Backgrounds: Cholestasis is a bile flow disorder resulting in liver bile retention. It is characterized by intrahepatic (IH) and extrahepatic (EH) cholestasis. Health workers are strategically placed to provide correct information in managing patients with cholestasis. This study aimed to assess the management of neonatal jaundice during initial health care visit. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on infants with cholestasis treated at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Questionnaires as data collection instruments were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Subjects consisted of 40 (58%) infants boys, 29 (42%) infants girls, IH cholestasis were 28 (41%), and EH cholestasis were 41 (59%). In both groups, most infants with cholestasis sought medical care between 0 and 1 month. Health workers stated that most subjects were underfed, as indicated by the 14 (20%) intrahepatic and 26 (38%) extrahepatic subjects. In this study, most infants with cholestasis were advised to get sun exposure. Sun exposure began at birth in 21 (30%) intrahepatic and 36 (52%) extrahepatic subjects. There were no significant differences based on underfeeding and sun exposure between the intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis groups (p=0.268; p = 0.168). Conclusion: The management of neonatal jaundice among health workers regarding breastfeeding and sun exposure recommendations did not significantly differ between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. Health workers require more knowledge about cholestasis infant management. Correct understanding improves cholestasis infants' outcomes.

Prevalence of Psychiatric and Mental Health Disorders among Population in Mosul City for the Period (2018-2022)

2024-04-08T10:19:40+00:00

Background: Most people on the planet suffer from mental and psychiatric illnesses. Finally, because of Iraq's lengthy history of terrorist attacks and conflicts that have severely impeded progress, little research has been done on the incidence of psychiatric and mental health diseases. The study's goals were to identify the top 6 instances for both genders and to paint a comprehensive picture of the psychiatric and mental health disorders cases that were recorded in Mosul city between 2018 and 2022.

Methods and Materials: The current retrospective investigation was conducted in Mosul City's teaching hospitals that house psychiatric units. The current study was carried out between March 1st, 2023 and May 31st, 2023. For the previous five years, from 2018 to 2022, the data was collected from official records of teaching hospitals with mental units located in Mosul City.

Results: A total of 2550 cases of all psychiatric and mental health disorders in Mosul city were recorded from 2018 to 2022. Of these, 65.3 % were females and 34.7 % were males. The mean of age for the study sample is 40.40 "(SD= ±5.60)". Results also showed that the maximum percentage of the sample (23.8 %) are in the age group of (27-34) years old, though the lowest percentage of the study sample (7.4%) are at the age group of (51-58) years old. For both genders, depression was the most common psychiatric disorder, it is accounted for (850) cases, followed by anxiety disorders.

Conclusion: Depression is on the top of six psychiatric and mental health disorders and is on the rising trend.

Anticoagulant Activity of Ethanol Extract Arcangelisia Flava ( L. ) Merr

2024-02-22T08:03:17+00:00

Many types of plants can be used as medicinal plants, one of which is the Arcangelisia flava plant (L.) Merr (A. flava). According to the people of Maribu-Sentani-Papua, A. flava is used as medicine for antimalarial, jaundice, and diabetes. This study aims to determine the anticoagulant activity of A. flava ethanol extract using the Lee-White method. This research uses human blood with blood groups A, B, O, and AB who do not have blood coagulation disorders. Tests were carried out each with 5 treatments with two replications. The first treatment was carried out on blood as a control, the second treatment was on blood treated with ethanol, the third treatment was on blood treated with EDTA, the fourth treatment on blood given EDTA and A. flava extract, and the fifth treatment on blood given A. flava test extract. The results of the study showed that A. flava extract using a concentration of 150 ppm did not have an anticoagulant effect on human blood groups A, B, O, and AB.

Phytochemical Composition and Medicinal Properties of Psidium guajava, Artocarpus heteorphyllus, Anona muricata and Passiflora edulis: A Critical Review

2024-03-26T10:29:41+00:00

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam, a part of the Moraceae family, is known by distinctive names in different districts over the globe. The jackfruit tree's significant alleviating impacts have made it a well-known choice for characteristic cures. Its bioactive compounds, counting lignans, flavones, and saponins, contribute to its momentous therapeutic properties, which incorporate anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-hypertensive, and anti-aging impacts. As a result, the jackfruit tree holds awesome importance in conventional medication and characteristic mending hones. Guanabana, soursop, graviola, or Brazilian paw paw, scientifically known as A. muricata, is a plant native to Central America but can be found in abundance across Southeast Asia, South America, and the African rainforest.. This plant has appeared various advantageous properties counting anticancer, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, antidiarrhea, antibacterial, antiviral, antihypertensive, and wound mending impacts. Psidium guajava includes a wealthy history of restorative employments, with all parts of the tree being esteemed for their helpful properties. From the takes off to the natural products, each component of Psidium guajava has been utilized for different wellbeing benefits throughout a long time. Its restorative centrality includes to the by and large significance of this tropical tree totally different societies and conventional hones. Energy natural products, which have a place to the sort Passiflora, comprise of around 450 species. Among them, Passiflora edulis is the foremost well-known and commonly utilized. Later thinks about have too highlighted its anti-inflammatory potential, especially within the frame of tea made from the imbued clears out. Passiflora alata and P. edulis have both found applications in various pharmaceutical arrangements and are broadly utilized within the nourishment industry. The anti-oxidant substances present in P. Edulis have sparked a growing interest in this plant. Even though it is important, no audit of this species has been included in the logical writing up to this point. The notable and recent literature on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and harmfulness of this ponder plant is surveyed and summarized here. This overview may prove beneficial for subsequent research aimed at misusing the beneficial attributes of this priceless, curative species.

Formulation and Optimization of Intra Nasal Niosomal Gel of Kynurenic Acid: In Vitro in Vivo Characterization

2024-04-11T10:28:41+00:00

Kynurenic acid's (KNA) inability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) severely limits its usage as a neuroprotective drug, despite the fact that it may have significant therapeutic effects in neurological illnesses. Drug delivery devices are one of the new avenues we're exploring as a means for KNA to enter the brain. Due to its low absorption when taken orally, medication formulation faces a significant hurdle. Here, nasal drug delivery has emerged as a popular alternate method for increasing medication bioavailability. In light of this, the current investigation set out to increase KNA bioavailability by means of an intranasal formulation based on niosomal technology. Rapid onset and evasion of first-pass metabolism are both offered by the nasal route, whereas niosomes protect hydrophilic medicines inside their core. For the purpose of determining entrapment efficiency, particle size, and in vitro drug release, niosomes were synthesized by combining lipid, nonionic surfactant, and cholesterol in distinct ratios. With a vesicle size of 248.51±1.54nm, the optimized niosomal formulation demonstrated a superior drug content (DC) of 98216±0.11% and an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 89.23±0.35. The formulation also contained cholesterol in an equal proportion (1:1). A value of 24 minutes was shown in the in vitro drug diffusion testing, indicating that the formulation exhibited prolonged activity. Gelation occurred at 37 ⁰C, which is the body's physiological temperature, and the optimum in situ gel, which contained 1:2 carbopol 934 and benzalkonium chloride, had a t90 value of 24 hours, indicating prolonged activity. In comparison to KNA oral suspension, the results showed that the KNA-loaded niosomal gel had a much higher relative bioavailability and improved drug penetration through the nasal mucosa.

Comprehensive Medicine Approach Towards Cancer Sufferers and Survivors: A Review

2024-03-11T08:54:16+00:00

Despite significant improvements in cancer diagnosis, prevention, and care, cancer is still expected to be the biggest cause of mortality worldwide. Cancer prevalence and fatality rates are both increasing. There are numerous cancer treatment options. The type of cancer and its stage determine the sort of treatment required. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are examples of traditional therapeutic procedures. At the same time, significant advances have been made recently, including stem cell therapy, targeted therapy, natural antioxidants, radionics, chemodynamic therapy, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Most patients have a combined approach- surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Current methods in oncology focus on developing safe cancer nanomedicines. To obtain novel diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives, stem cell treatment has demonstrated potential success. Cancer cell spread can be slowed by targeted treatment, which protects healthy cells from harm. The long-term cancer survivors suffered in terms of body image concerns, emotional and social, and spiritual/ philosophical issues leading to poor quality of life in these patients. The positive attribute of complementary medicine and alternative therapies is that they enable patients to help themselves while undergoing cancer treatment and afterward. This review explores recent comprehensive approaches for cancer and associated effects leading to psychological issues.

Case Report: 14 Years-Old Boy with Paraplegia and Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of Neck who Responded to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment

2024-03-26T04:03:49+00:00

This article discusses a rare case of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) affecting the cervical spine, presenting with neck pain and progressive weakness in all extremities. A 14-year-old boy experienced these symptoms for three years without any history of trauma. Physical examination revealed weakness and tenderness in the cervical vertebrae. MRI showed cervical compression, paravertebral abscess, spinal nerve swelling, and canal stenosis, suggestive of tuberculosis spondylitis. The surgical intervention involved laminectomy and tumor debulking, confirming the diagnosis of a aneurysmal bone cyst. Despite initial motor deficits, anti-tuberculosis treatment significantly improves motor function and neck mobility over several weeks. This case underscores the rarity of cervical spine involvement in aneurysmal bone cyst and highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent neurological complications and achieve favorable outcomes. The study emphasizes considering aneurysmal bone cyst as a potential differential diagnosis for lytic lesions involving the spine in young patients, emphasizing the need for vigilance in clinical practice.

The Relationship Between Open Defecation Behavior & Handwashing Behavior and Stunting Incidents in Lae Motong Village, Penanggalan District, Subulussalam City

2024-04-13T15:46:23+00:00

Symptoms of stunting are recognized by a physical condition where a person's height is only below the normal range for his age, this symptom is also very susceptible to be associated with malnutrition with a long-term percentage that occurs in infants under five years old, also characterized by a z score of -2 SD (stanted) or -3 SD (severe stanted). This study aims to investigate the correlation between open defecation behavior & handwashing practices with soap and stunting occurrences in Lae Motong Village, Penanggalan District, Subulussalam City. It employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach, focusing on a population of mothers with toddlers, totaling 129. 56 respondents were selected as samples through accidental sampling. Data collection was conducted using structured questionnaires, with analysis performed through the chi-squared test. The findings reveal a significant correlation between open defecation behavior and stunting incidents (p-value = 0.022), as well as between handwashing practices with soap and stunting incidents (p-value = 0.014) in Lae Motong Village, Penanggalan District, Subulussalam City.

Instructional Program on Nurses' Knowledge and practice Towards Nursing Documentation in Pediatric Wards

2024-04-13T16:47:52+00:00

Background: Nursing documentation is a set of written information, transmitted in the form of a document with regard to patient’s health and care status, It is a legal and professional action for people involved in health care affairs, including nurses.

Objectives: To determine Instructional Program on Nurses' Knowledge and practice Towards Nursing Documentation in Pediatric Wards at Mosul Hospitals.

Methods: Quasi-experimental design through using ( Non probability ) Purposive Sampling was conducted to determine Effectiveness of an Instructional Program on nurses' knowledge and practice Nursing documentation in Pediatric Wards at Mosul Hospitals from 13 October 2023 throughout 14 March 2024.A simple random sample with probability of 60 sample . Data is analyzed using the "Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software for Windows (Version 26)"

Results: This finding the showed that those aged 30-34 had the highest percentage (46.7%). In regards to sex, more than half of the study sample were female (60%) as compared with those who were male. Regarding educational level, the percentage was almost equal. Years of relevant experience resulted in a mean of 2.53.

Conclusion: This study concluded that before giving the program, nurses’ knowledge and practice were very weak, and after giving the program, their knowledge and practice became good and continued until the second test.

The Relationship between Knowledge & Attitude and the Ownership of Healthy Toilets in Drien Kipah Village, Southwest Aceh Regency

2024-04-15T16:53:28+00:00

The ownership of healthy toilets is a fundamental aspect of sanitation that should be universally embraced by all households. Data obtained from the Health Office of Southwest Aceh Regency, specifically from the Bineh Krueng Community Health Center, reveals that only 41.05% of households possess healthy toilets. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the ownership of healthy toilets in Drien Kipah Village, Southwest Aceh Regency. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, analyzing a population of 112 households. 32 households were selected using the simple random sampling technique as per Slovin’s formula. Data collection was conducted through primary means, utilizing questionnaires. Furthermore, the analysis of the data involved both univariate and bivariate methods, employing the chi-squared test to discern relationships. The findings underscore that knowledge (p-value = 0.000), attitude (p-value = 0.000), education (p-value = 0.000), income (p-value = 0.006), and support from healthcare workers (p-value = 0.000) significantly correlate with the ownership of healthy toilets in Drien Kipah Village, Southwest Aceh District.

Evaluation of Iron Metabolism in a Sample of Children Infected with Pinworm Disease in Anbar Province/ Iraq

2024-03-29T00:23:33+00:00

Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis is a common parasitic worm that infects humans, and its disease is widespread around the world, especially among children. Its infection occurs in areas with poor health and environmental conditions that lack personal hygiene. The study was conducted to determine pinworm infection prevalence in the several areas of Anbar Governorate and the status of some physiological indicators associated with it.

The entire children attending Fallujah Teaching Hospital ages between 4 and 15 years were part of the study, and the study period included November 2022 to November 2023. The total samples comprised 1350 samples from various locations in Anbar Governorate. The infection was diagnosed in this study by direct microscopic examinations with a Logul-iodine-stained swab, and egg concentration methods, namely flotation with salt and zinc sulphate, and ana adhesive tape method. Physiological tests i.e. iron levels, ferironportin, and iron transporters.

Analysis of the study yielded a total pinworm infection rate of 6.28% of all samples. The blood test results showed a marked reduction in hemoglobin level and an increment in eosinophils count in the infected group compared to the healthy controls. Concomitantly, total iron, ferroportin, and diaphoretic transporter levels decreased in the infected group providing an association between infection with the parasite and anemia.

Educational Program on Nurses Knowledge about Blood Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Care Units

2024-04-18T09:55:24+00:00

Background: Exchange transfusion entails the sequential drawing and injecting of blood aliquots via peripheral or central venous and arterial lines. Notably, arterial lines—either peripheral or umbilical—should not be used for donor blood injections; rather, they should only be used for baby blood withdrawal. To ascertain the Nurses' Knowledge of Blood Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Educational Program.

Methods: Designing a quasi-experimental using (non-probability) To ascertain the impact of a training program on nurses' performance with regard to blood exchange transfusion, purposeful sampling was used. The "Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software for Windows (Version 26)" is used to analyze data.

Results: This result showed that 33.3%(10) of the study's nurses and 33.3%(10) of the control group's nurses were between the ages of 31 and 35.The study's findings regarding the gender of the nursing staff showed that 53.3% of the participants (19) were female. and of the fifteen participants, 63.3% were men. 50% of the participants are nurses.had a Nursing Institute (15) In terms of general years of experience, 33.3% (10) of the sample had six to ten years of experience, and 3.0% worked in the pediatric department.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses’ knowledge about the blood transfusion process before giving the educational program to the patients was poor, and through the intervention and giving the nursing program, their knowledge became good. The reason is due to the effectiveness of the effective programs.

Isolating and Diagnosing the Bacteria that cause Recurrent Miscarriage and Evaluating some Risk factors in women with Urinary Tract Infections

2024-04-19T09:03:31+00:00

The current study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women and cause miscarriage, study the risk factors that help increase infection rates, that included 100 sample , and the percentages of distribution of women’s samples were 50 samples from pregnant women, of which 29 were pregnant women. Not infected with a urinary tract infection (Negative UTI), as well as 21 of the pregnancies infected with a urinary tract infection (Positive UTI). The study sample also included 50 miscarried women, a sample in which the percentage of infection (UTI) was distributed as 17 of miscarriage cases without infection (Negative UTI), and 33 miscarriage cases with urinary tract infection (Positive UTI). The study found that the rate of E.coli bacteria in pregnant women with UTI (+ev UTI) was 16.66%, the rate of S. aureus bacteria in aborted women was 18.51%, and the highest bacterial percentage in the age group (under 29 years) was 62.99% of E.coli bacteria (31.48). %), then S. aureus bacteria (24.07%). Also, urban women are more susceptible to infection with bacteria, at a rate of 64.81%, compared to women in rural areas, at a rate of 35.19%. The most common isolated species causing urinary tract infections in the city are E.coli and then S. aureus, and there is no difference between the symptoms, with a positive rate of (53.7). (%), and the disappearance of symptoms (Negative) was (46.3)% of the group of pregnant women and aborted women, The highest species in the first trimester of pregnancy amounted to 66.66%, which was represented by S. aureus bacteria, followed by E.coli, compared to the second and third trimester, 24.24% E.coli, followed by S. aureus bacteria, and that the rate of miscarriage was 3 times or more, the percentage was 27.27% S. aureus followed by E.coli, respectively.

Anticoagulant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Coleus Scutellarioides ( L. ) Benth

2024-04-19T09:07:11+00:00

Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth has been used as a traditional medicine as an antibacterial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, and appetite enhancer and can treat various types of diseases such as coughs, hemorrhoids, boils, fever, diarrhea, and improves the menstrual cycle. C. scutellarioides plants grow in areas that have moist soil, such as rice fields, wild plants, or medicinal plants. This plant contains chemical compounds, including essential oils, flavonoids, phytosterols, alkaloids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the anticoagulant activity of the ethanol extract of C. scutellarioides. The method used in this research starts with sampling C. scutellarioides, making simplicia, extraction by maceration with ethanol solvent, and testing anticoagulant activity with two methods, namely the modified Lee-White method and the blood smear method. The modified Lee-White method was visually observed and tested on each type of human blood group, namely blood groups A, B, AB, and O, while the blood smear method was observed microscopically. The results of this research concluded that using the modified Lee-White method, C. scutellarioides extract with an extract concentration of 40 ppm had activity as an anticoagulant against various types of blood groups. In the directional smear method, preparations from blood samples were given. C. scutellarioides microscopically has anticoagulant activity because the blood cells were not related to each other, were still intact, and were separated from one another.

University Students’ Attitude towards the Use of Botox in Cosmetic Surgeries

2024-04-20T06:30:40+00:00

Background: Patients seek cosmetic surgery in order to enhance their appearance. It is a type of surgery that uses surgical expertise to correct or improve body imperfections.

Objective:To assess the University students’ attitude towards the use of Botox in Cosmetic Surgeries

Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Mosul in the Nineveh Governorate between January 1, 2024, and January 3, 2024. Chance A multi-stage sample was chosen for this investigation. 100 students make up the sample of students at Mosul University. The were split up into four colleges: science, medicine, engineering, and hospitality. A specific consent form was used to obtain the subject's consent to participate in the study.

Results: The results of this study indicate that the majority of the sample consisted of 100 students, that 51% of the sample was between the ages of 18 and 23, that the percentage of the sample that was single was higher than the percentage of married individuals (71%), that 78% of the sample lived in an urban area, and that the sample was distributed among medical, engineering, humanities, and scientific colleges.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that university students' attitudes and perceptions about plastic surgery were reasonable and moderate, and that the media is a valuable source of information.

Evaluation of Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumor in a Tertiary Care Center

2024-04-20T06:58:56+00:00

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is an uncommon entity in clinical practice. It accounts for only <1% of all Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies.

Stomach is the commonest site for this tumour. Other sites of GI tract are also affected with GIST.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed evaluate the prognostic factors, and recurrence patterns among the patients of eastern India.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study which was conducted at the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre of eastern India. The specimens sent for HPE during the period June, 2018 to June, 2023 were included in the study. A total number of 2897 GI specimens sent to the Department for histopathological examinations were selected for the study. Out of which 77 specimens were diagnosed as GIST. The information of the vital parameters of the patient, type of tumour and type of treatments offered were collected for evaluation. The histological examinations relied on morphological features on Hematoxylin & Eosin stain and confirmation with immunohistochemistry markers CD34 and CD117 and S100. Patients with operable GIST underwent

Surgery followed by adjuvant therapy. Patients with inoperable/ borderline operable disease underwent neoadjuvant Tab. Imatinib 400 mg/day followed by reassessment for surgery.

RESULTS: The mean (±S.D.) age of the patients was 54.58±11.24 years with range of 28 -74 years and the median age was 54 years. 66.2% of the patients were with age< 60 years (p<0.001). Proportion of females (54.5%) was higher than males (45.5%) but it was not significant. Stomach (54.5%) was the most common site of tumour which was significantly higher than small intestine (27.3%) and large intestine (18.2%) (p<0.0001). At presentation non-metastatic cases (62.3%) were significantly higher than metastatic (35.1%) and locally recurrent cases (2.6%) (p<0.0001). In most of the cases the mitotic rate was between 5 – 10 /50 HPF (53.2%) which was significantly higher than mitotic rate <5/50 HPF (32.5%) and >10/50 (14.3%) (p=0.0042). Spindle cell type tumour (71.4%) was significantly higher than mixed (Spindle and Epithelioid) (20.8%) and Epithelioid type tumour (7.8%) (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION: GIST is a rare tumor of the GI tract. It usually occurs in the stomach. The treatment of choice is surgery followed by adjuvant therapy.

Preliminary Phytochemicals Investigation in Begonia cucullata

2024-03-30T09:22:19+00:00

People specifically or by implication profited of plants. Begonia cucullata, a perpetual blooming plant taxonomically considered to the family of Begoniaceae. Begonia cucullata is local to the all South American nations. In India found in Assam, Meghalaya and Manipur. The shade dried plant powder was taken for extraction through organic solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extract. The Biochemicals investigation is performed by taking after standard methods. Primary phytoconstituents investigation of the plant extract indicated the existence of carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, phytosterols, and saponins in methanol and watery extricate. The plant extricate of methanol and refined water have appeared most extreme positive tests for Phytochemicals, which clearly shows that the existence of a few dynamic standards within the plant that are having vital restorative esteem.

Characterization of Proteus Spp. And Plasmid Mediated Resistance Among Hospitalized Patients in Eku, Delta State, Nigeria

2024-04-24T11:39:12+00:00

The study was conducted to analyze the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Proteus species in blood and wound samples from patients who visited Eku General Hospital in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 60 samples, 30 from blood and 30 from wound, were collected for the study. The bacteria were identified through bacteriological and biochemical analyses, while antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Plasmid curing was carried out using a sub-inhibitory concentration of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate on resistant organisms. The study found three isolates including Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, and P. penneri. The results showed that P. mirabilis was the most prevalent in blood (32.3%) and wound (22.6) samples, followed by P. penneri (11.3%), and P. vulgaris (9.7%) in blood sample. The study also found that the highest rate of isolation of the bacterium occurred among individuals aged between 21-35 years, followed by 12-20 years. Result of antibiotic susceptibility test showed high level of resistance in the two most commonly prescribed antibiotics cephalosporins and ampicillin. No resistance was observed in gentamycin making it the best drug for treating empirical infections. However, resistance was mostly carried on plasmids as shown by the loss of resistance after curing by the isolates. Harbouring of resistance on plasmids as huge public health implications including but not limited to spread of resistance genes, as such measures should be put in place to prevent spread.

Genotype Factors and Mineral Status for the Expression of Prostate Cancer among Whites and Blacks Races

2024-04-25T05:50:25+00:00

Prostate cancer are more in number nowadays its third most frequently occurred cancer in the world. So prevalence of PC is necessary to reduce risk, mortality and morbidity. It has so many pre-disposing factors in that genetical variation are most important because genetical variation can be caused by may be due to chemical agents, hereditary, X -rays and etc… some essential vitamin can causes the prostate cancer and insulin induced factor are also involved .But in another way vitamin can cure the cancer at early stages of cancer.selenium is the one trace element induced the prostate cancer.