Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Poultry Droppings, Rinse Water of Contaminated Eggs and Poultry Feeds in Makurdi, Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a common food-borne bacterial zoonotic disease. The emergence of antibiotic resistance among the Salmonella globally is a great public health Hazard. This study was undertaken to isolate, identify and study the Antibiogram of Salmonella present in fecal materials, fecally stained egg washings, and poultry feeds. Poultry feeds were obtained from retail shops and live birds market in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 300 samples were collected, and the isolation and identification of Salmonella done according to international standard method; non-selective enrichment, selective enrichment, isolation using Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), Selenite-F-broth and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar respectively. Positive samples were processed to study the antibiogram pattern by Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 300 samples, a total 83 samples were found to be positive (27.67%) for Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella in egg washings, fecal materials and poultry feeds was 11%, 72% and 0% respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05) on prevalence of the Salmonella among isolates from the sample sources and location. The Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least two or more antibiotics. Among tested drugs, Salmonella isolates was highly resistant to Ceporex (81.93%) followed by Nalidixic Acid (80.72%), Ampicilin (79.52%), Cotrimoxazole (65.06%) and Augmentin (63.86%). However, Salmonella isolates were Sensitive to Ofloxacin (63.85%) and Streptomycin (36.14%). From the results of the study, it is concluded that Salmonella isolates seen in poultry origin samples which indicate this could be potential vehicle for antibiotic resistant Salmonella-food-borne infection to humans.  Hence there is need to create awareness among the public, poultry sellers, farmers and local food vendors of Makurdi-Benue state regarding hygienic practices adaptation, Strengthen Biosecurity Measures, Promote Responsible Antibiotic Use and also implementation of preventive measures.