International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

Prevalence and Pattern of Distribution of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nigeria Commercial Banks Security Personnel

2025-01-20T10:20:17+00:00

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major cause of occupational morbidity and it is the leading source of pain and disability against all works of life.

Aim: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and pattern of distribution of WMSDs among Security personnel in Nigeria commercial banks.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which consecutive sampling was used to select 70 respondents. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of WMSDs of the respondents. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was used to summarize the obtained data. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between WMSDs and physical characteristics and work profile. Alpha level set at 0.05.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 44.80±6.79 years. Most respondents were males 64 (91.4%). The prevalence of WMSDs among respondents in the last 12 months and 7 days were 88.6% and 75.7% respectively. In the last 12 months and 7 days, the knees (81.4%) and lower back 57.1% were the most affected respectively. There was no significant association between prevalence of WMSDs and physical characteristics and work profile of the respondents.

Conclusion and implications for translation: Majority of the Nigerian commercial banks Security personnel suffered WMSDs, the knees and lower back being the most affected. The physical characteristics and work profile of the respondents were not associated factors to their having WMSDs, this suggests that workplace-related factors, including ergonomic conditions and psychosocial stressors, may play a more prominent role in WMSD development within this occupational group. Our study identify the issues of work-related musculoskeletal health and the need for its mitigation among security personnel, who play pivotal roles in maintaining safe and secure environments within the banking system in Nigeria.

Antioxidant Activity of Lotion Etanol Extract of Akway Bark (Drymis Piperita Hook F.) By Abts Methods

2025-01-07T05:51:50+00:00

Akway contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinones, and terpenoids. Akway bark has high antioxidants; antioxidant testing with the DPPH method on away bark gives an IC50 value of 9.68. The purpose of this research is to test the antioxidant activity of akway bark extract lotion preparation with the ABTS method. The study was conducted with the extraction stage using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, then making lotion preparations with three lotion preparation formulations with different concentrations of akway bark extract (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%). The test results showed that Formula I, II, and III had IC50 values of 71.41 ppm, 45.07 ppm, and 16.50 ppm, respectively, while the TEAC values were 0.143, 0.166, and 0.194 mM, respectively. This study concludes that Formula I, II, and III lotion preparations show the ability to counteract 50% of ABTS free radicals and show the highest antioxidant capacity in Formula III.

Oral Health Literacy Level among the Mothers of Preschool Students According to Demographic Factors

2024-12-30T08:43:05+00:00

Introduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) is defined as an individual's capacity to comprehend and effectively utilize information pertaining to dental health, which subsequently influences oral health behaviors and informs decision-making processes. OHL plays a critical role in mitigating oral health disparities, enhancing dental health outcomes, and establishing a foundation for the development of sound oral health practices among parents. Objective: To analyze the differences in OHL levels among parents of early childhood education (ECE) students, specifically in relation to the demographic factors of school location and socioeconomic status, age, education, and income. Methods: This study used an analytical approach and adopted a cross-sectional design. The target population consisted of mothers of children enrolled in ECE programs in South Jakarta. A total of 99 participants were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected through the distribution of the Health Literacy in Dentistry 14 (HeLD-14) questionnaire via Google Forms, followed by analysis using chi-square and Pearson chi-square tests. Results: The results showed that mothers of ECE students in South Jakarta had an average OHL score of 48.4, indicating high literacy levels. The chi-square test showed significant differences in literacy levels based on socioeconomic status factors such as age (p-value = 0.000) and education (p-value = 0.035). Among the ten demographic regions in South Jakarta, there were significant differences in literacy levels between these regions (p-value = 0.009). Conclusion: The study found that demographic factors, especially the location or region of the ECE, significantly influence the OHL levels of mothers with children attending ECE in South Jakarta.

Prevalence of Obesity among the Medical Students; A Cross-Sectional Study in Sylhet

2025-01-07T09:15:18+00:00

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of obesity among the medical students in Bangladesh.

Methodology: This descriptive type of Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani medical College from july 2018 to June 2019. 850 medical students were the study population. Random sampling was done according to availability of the subjects. Data were collected through interviewing of the subjects. The collected data were entered into the computer and analyzed by using SPSS (version 20.1)

Result: Total numbers of subjects both male and female were 850. It comprised of 433 (50.94%) male and 417 (49.05%) female. 54.94% students within normal BMI. 16.7% students were overweight and 20.82% students were obese according to BMI. Among male students prevalence of generalized obesity was 20.09%. Among female students prevalence of generalized obesity was 21.58%. The prevalence of central obesity among male students was 12.93% & in female students was 33.81% (assessed by waist circumference). The prevalence of central abdominal obesity among in male students was 28.40% & in female students was 43.65% (assessed by waist hip ratio).

Conclusion: In this study, female students were found more obese. Most of them also had history of sedentary life style.

Common Benign Tumour in Oral and Oropharyngral Lesion

2025-01-07T09:22:18+00:00

Background with Objective: The oral cavity and oropharynx are vulnerable to a limitless number of environmental insults because of its exposure to the external world. It is the site of various lesions many of which are precancerous and cancerous. The aim of this study was to assess the common types of benign tumor in oral and oropharyngeal lesion.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 33 patients presenting with benign tumor in oral cavity and oropharynx at Pathology department for histopathology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2016 to December 2017. Purposive sampling method was followed. Statistical analysis of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1).

Results: Male patients (64%) suffering from more benign tumor in oral cavity than female patients. Most of the patients belonged to 11-20 years (39.39%). Tobacco smokings were more common addiction (18.18%) among the patients. Capillary haemangioma were more common benign tumor in oral and oro-pharyngeal lesion. Most of the Patients (79%) presented with growth/mass and 21% patients had ulceration. Only 15% patients had history of pain in tumor.

Conclusion: Capillary haemangioma is more common benign tumor in oral and oropharyngeal lesion.

Common Malignant Tumour in Oral and Oropharyngral Lesion

2025-01-07T09:28:41+00:00

Background with Objective: A variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions can involve the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region. In 1971 WHO classified oral lesions into malignant tumours, benign tumours and tumor like lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the common types of malignant tumor in oral and oropharyngeal lesion.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 98 patients presenting with malignant tumor in oral cavity and oropharynx at Pathology department for histopathology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2016 to December 2017. Purposive sampling method was followed. Statistical analysis of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1).

Results: Female patients (55%) suffering from more malignant tumor in oral cavity than male patients (45%). Most of the patients belonged to 41-50 years (32%). 99% patients had multiple personal habits while remaining 1% patient reported no personal habit. The most common personal habit is betel leaf and nut with jorda, sad and gul followed by tobacco smoking. Most common malignant tumors were squamous cell carcinoma – G-I (58%) and squamous cell carcinoma – G-II (31%) in oral and oropharyngeal lesion. Most of the patients (81.6%) presented with ulceration and 18.4% patients had growth/mass. Only 27.55% patients had history of pain in tumor. Buccal mucosa were the common site (42%) for malignant tumor in oral and oropharyngeal region.

Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma G-I were more common malignant tumor in oral and oropharyngeal lesion.

Atypical Presentation of a Retroperitoneal Schwannoma Mimicking Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A Case Report

2025-01-07T09:33:22+00:00

Schwannoma is a rare benign tumor that comes from the Schwann cells that sheath the peripheral nerves. We report the case of a 30 years old female patient who presented with non-specific abdominal pain and swelling in the left lumbar region for one year. CT scan findings revealed large soft tissue mass at left mid abdomen related to small bowel possibly Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (GIST). USG findings revealed intra-abdominal cystic mass. After diagnosis patient was prepared for surgical removal. Patient was underwent complete surgical excision with an uneventful postoperative course. The histopathological study confirmed the nature of Schwannoma. Complete surgical excision remains the gold standard for the management of these tumors. The preoperative diagnosis is usually difficult due to their rare and non-specific clinical and radiological features; however, the definitive diagnosis is based upon histopathological examination and immune-histochemical.

Prevalence and Pattern of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nigeria Hybrid Workers

2025-01-15T11:50:55+00:00

Background and Objectives: WMSDs are the largest contributors to the occupational diseases burden and are largely related to ergonomic factors found in the workplace. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among hybrid workers in Lagos Island, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which snowballing sampling was used to recruit the 100 respondents. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence and pattern of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the obtained data. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between WMSDs and working profile and characteristics of respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 with alpha level set at ≤ 0.05

Results: There was an uneven distribution of gender, 59(59.0%) male and 41(41.0%) female. The mean age of the respondents is 28.45 ±4.33 years. The prevalence WMSDs among respondents was 94(94.0%). The pattern of distribution of WMSDs across body parts was predominant in the lower back 69(69.0%), neck 64(64.0%), shoulders 47(47.0%), upper back 43(43.0%), wrist 42(42.0%). There was no significant association between prevalence of WMSDs and working profile and characteristics of respondents.

Conclusion and implications for translation: There was high prevalence of WMSDs among hybrid workers. The lower back and neck were the mostly affected, a tangible number of the respondents were overweight, and physical characteristics and work profile were not associated factors to their having WMSDs indicating the importance of concerned stakeholders to address psychosocial factors, ergonomic and workstations design to lessen musculoskeletal disorders among hybrid workers in order to improve their wellbeing and productivity in this sector. Our study highlights the issue of work-related musculoskeletal health and the need for prevention among Hybrid workers, which constitutes a major part of telework economic activity in Nigeria.

Formulation and Evaluation of a Novel Ocular Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Glaucoma with Simbrinza

2025-01-16T10:42:43+00:00

Glaucoma is a chronic ocular disease requiring sustained drug delivery for effective treatment. This study presents the formulation and evaluation of a novel ocular drug delivery system using Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for the combined glaucoma treatment with brinzolamide and brimonidine tartrate, as found in the drug Simbrinza. The PLGA nanoparticles exhibited an average hydrodynamic diameter of 178 ± 5 nm and a low Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.15 ± 0.03, ensuring uniform size distribution and efficient drug penetration. Zeta potential measurements revealed a stable surface charge of -27 ± 2 mV, enhancing colloidal stability. High drug loading efficiencies of 20% w/w for brinzolamide and 15% w/w for brimonidine tartrate were achieved, indicating effective drug encapsulation. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed uniform spherical morphology and a core-shell structure, ensuring structural integrity. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release profiles over 72 hours, following a diffusion-controlled mechanism with high correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.98 for brinzolamide and 0.97 for brimonidine tartrate. These findings suggest the potential of this PLGA nanoparticle-based delivery system for efficient and prolonged glaucoma therapy, promising improved patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Pond Catfish in Ketu Adie-Owe, Ado-Odo Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

2025-01-17T11:13:35+00:00

The increasing number of fish ponds in Nigeria is driven by the demand for fish and fishery products. Catfish, specifically Clarias gariepinus, is popular for cultivation due to its economic significance. However, bacterial infections pose a threat to the health of catfish in these ponds, resulting in the need for antibiotic usage. This study is aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from pond catfish. This study involved isolating bacteria from the catfish skin and intestine, analyzing their biochemical characteristics, and conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Fungi present in the catfish samples were also identified. The Gram-negative isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, revealing the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains. The findings contribute to the understanding of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture and highlight the need for appropriate management strategies. The bacterial load in different catfish samples was examined through total plate counts and dilution effects. The results revealed variations in colony counts and CFU/ml values among the samples, with the highest bacterial load observed in the skin of large catfish. The bacterial load observed in the skin of catfish ranged from 4.7 X 10³CFU/ml to 9.8 X 10³ CFU/ml, while the bacterial load observed in the intestine of catfish ranged from 3.1 X 10³ CFU/ml to 5.4 X 10³ CFU/ml. Biochemical testing identified specific organisms, including Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter brakii, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Varying resistance patterns emphasize the need for careful antibiotic use and infection control in catfish aquaculture. Therefore, continuous monitoring and preventive measures are recommended.