International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

Comparison of Physical Examinations and Ultrasonographic Findings in Patients with Painful Shoulder

Kh. Mohammad Ali — 2025-02-17

Background with Objective: High frequency ultrasonography is an accurate non-invasive imaging technique for evaluating patients with painful shoulder. The aim of this study was to compare the physical examinations with ultrasonographic findings in patients with painful shoulder.

Methods: This Prospective observational Study was carried out among 101 patients attending at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka within the defined period from July 2021 to December 2021. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical review committee of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Purposive sampling was done according to availability of the patients. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1).

Results: Majority of the patients (59.4%) were in 41-50 years age group where the mean age of the patients was 50.3 ± 7.9 years and 51 (50.5%) patients were male. On physical examination, 76 (75.2%) patients were Neer tests positive, 62 (61.4%) were Jobe’s test for supraspinatus positive and 37 (36.6%) were Yegarson’s test for the long head of the biceps brachii positive. Most of the patients (93.1%) were Patte’s test for infraspinatus negative. USG findings shows that 47 (46.5%) had impingement, 30 (29.7%) had Osteoarthritis in acromioclavicular joint, another 30 (29.7%) had Supranpinatous tendinosis, 25 (24.8%) had Subdeltoid bursitis, 22 (21.8%) had partial tear of supraspinatous. Neer tests had 47.4% sensitivity and 56.0% specificity with 49.5% accuracy. Jobe’s test for supraspinatus had 66.7% sensitivity and 40.8% specificity with 48.5% accuracy. Patte’s test for infraspinatus had 95.8% accuracy and Gerber’s lift-off test for subscapularis had 84.1% accuracy while Yegarson’s test for the long head of the biceps brachii had 79.2% accuracy

Conclusion: Ultrasonography should be used wherever possible to improve diagnosis and treatment of painful shoulder.

Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography Findings of the Plantar Fasciitis Patients

Mohammad Sakib-Al-Nahian — 2025-02-17

Background with Objective: Plantar fasciitis is a common condition causing heel and arch pain and has been related with degenerative changes in the plantar fascia resulting in tissue thickening Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging (MSK US) is an emerging diagnostic tool which allows for dynamic visualization of tissues in real time. There are very few available studies regarding musculoskeletal ultrasonography findings in patient with plantar fasciitis. The aim of this study was to observe the musculoskeletal ultrasonographic findings of the plantar fasciitis patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dhaka Medical college hospital, Dhaka during February 2023 to March 2024. A total of 51 patients with plantar fasciitis were included in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1).

Results: : The mean age of the patients was 46.6 ±4.3 years where majority of the patients (51.0%) were in 41-45 years age group and 27 (52.9%) patients were male. The mean VAS of the patients was 4.7 ±0.9, 27 (52.9%) had pain score 4 in VAS scale, 14 (27.5%) had scored 5 and 6 (11.8%) patients scored 6. The mean duration of pain of the patients was 5.1 ±3.2 months where 19 (37.3%) had pain for 1-3 months and 17 (33.3%) patients had pain for 4-6 months. According to USG, 25 (49.0%) patients had decreased echogenicity and 6 (11.8%) had hypervascularity. Few had perifascial effusion (5.9%) and one had partial tear. The mean plantar fascia thickness of the patients was 4.7 ±0.5 mm. The thickness was significantly more in male patients (5.1 ±0.4 mm) than female patients (4.4 ±0.4 mm) (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Increased thickness of the plantar fascia with reduced echogenicity and hypervascularity are common ultrasonographic findings of plantar fasciitis.

Differences in Saliva pH before and after Gargling Betel Leaf Mouthwash in Periodontitis with Smoking Habits

Desy Fidyawati — 2025-02-15

Background: Saliva is one of the determinants of oral conditions and is easily available to diagnose and control periodontal disease. Smoking is also one of the causes of periodontitis. Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with the accumulation of dental plaque (biofilm) and characterized by progressive damage to the tissues supporting the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontitis can be minimized by using betel leaf (Piper betle L.) herbal mouth was, which has been proven to have many properties with minimal side effects

Objective: This study aims to determine whether there are differences in salivary pH before and after gargling with betel leaf mouthwash (Piper betle L.) in periodontitis patients with smoking habits.

Methods: The study used an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling.

Results: The Wilcoxon test indicated that saliva pH increased after using betel leaf mouthwash for gargling (p-value=0.000).

Conclusion: Using betel leaf mouthwash (Piper betle L.), can increase salivary pH and effectively stabilize salivary pH for periodontitis patients with smoking habits.

Prevalence of Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype among the Obese Medical Students in Bangladesh

Rajib Deb Nath — 2025-02-19

Background: Medical students are expected to be conscious about nutrition and healthy active life styles. So, study of obesity & atherogenic lipoproteins among medical students may reflect the prevalence of this cardiovascular risk factor in our population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype among the obese medical students in Bangladesh.

Methodology: This descriptive type of Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani medical College from july 2018 to June 2019. 100 obese medical students were the study population. Random sampling was done according to availability of the subjects. Data were collected through interviewing of the subjects. The collected data were entered into the computer and analyzed by using SPSS (version 20.1) Result: Majority of the obese subjects (59%) were female. ‘Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype’ components (increased TG, decreased HDL & predominance of small dense LDL) were-- 63%, 54% & 40% respectively. Prevalence of ‘atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype’ was found in 16% in total obese students. In male and female obese students, prevalence of ‘athrorgenic lipoprotein phenotype’ was 14.63% & 16.95% respectively. In male obese students, mean value of TG, HDL & sd LDL (small dense LDL) were-- 177.37, 37.51 and 1.052 respectively. In obese female students, mean value of TG, HDL & sd LDL were-- 163.32, 38.64 and 1.085 respectively. There were no significant differences of any parameter between obese male and female students.

Conclusion: It may be concluded that, our young generation should be aware of atherogenicity due to considerable increased prevalence of obesity & atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in medical students.

Nutritional Status among Tuberculosis Patients at the End of Initial Phase of Treatment

Md. Shifatul Farid — 2025-02-17

Background with Objective: Inadequate nutrition is often linked to an increased risk of getting TB and it also plays a role in the worse progression of the disease. Both undernutrition and TB are closely related and significantly affect public health. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status among tuberculosis patients at the end of initial phase of treatment.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 adult TB patients taking antitubercular drugs at the end of initial phase in DOTS centres, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January to 31st December, 2023. Data were collected following a convenient sampling technique through face-to-face interviews and record review using a semi-structured questionnaire and check list. Nutritional status was measured by body mass index. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional review board of National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM). Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-20.1).

Results: More than half (56.3%) of undernutrition among TB patients was at the registration and newly two third patients (64.8%) of undernutrition was at the end of initial phase of treatment. Male and PTB patients were found significantly more undernourished. The median BMI difference between registration and end of initial phase was found significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed high proportion of undernutrition patients after initial phase which worsened from the onset of initial phase.

The Impact of a Spiritual Approach in Nursing on Patient Well-Being

Siti Mastuti — 2025-02-01

Nursing care should integrate physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions to enhance patient well-being. Spirituality has been shown to positively influence healing, reduce anxiety, and provide meaning during illness. In Islamic-based hospital environments, such as RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong, implementing the Muhammadiyah-Aisyiyah Standards of Hospital Services is vital but faces challenges such as limited understanding among nurses and lack of standardization. This study aims to explore the impact of spiritual approaches in nursing care on patients’ emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. This descriptive observational study involved 78 respondents, comprising nurses and patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via observations, in-depth interviews, and validated questionnaires, focusing on ten components of spiritual care. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the implementation patterns and their impact on patient well-being. Findings revealed that nurses predominantly implemented spiritual care components effectively, with high adherence in practices such as initiating interactions with Islamic greetings (92%), providing spiritual support (89%), and creating environments conducive to worship (90%). However, aspects such as assessing patients' spiritual needs (75%) and educating them on worship during illness (77%) were less frequently addressed, often delegated to the hospital's spiritual care department. Patients reported enhanced emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being due to these practices. The integration of spiritual approaches in nursing care significantly supports patient well-being, strengthening the nurse-patient relationship and fostering holistic recovery. However, greater focus is needed on directly addressing patients' spiritual needs and providing education on the importance of worship during illness. Continuous training and development of standardized guidelines are essential to optimize the implementation of spiritual care in nursing practice.

The Use of Mus Musculus Model to Evaluate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Curcumin in Alzheimer's disease

Jane Sabini — 2025-02-04

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the primary cause of dementia in late adulthood. With the increasing global population and life expectancy, the incidence of AD is also rapidly rising. Currently, available drugs for AD cannot prevent disease progression but can only treat its symptoms, accompanied by severe side effects and high costs. Therefore, curcumin is expected to be an alternative treatment for AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological pathway of curcumin’s mechanisms of action on AD using mice as animal models. A search was conducted on four databases using the keywords "curcumin", "Mus musculus", and "Alzheimer's disease". Curcumin possesses multiple mechanisms of action, namely: (1) as an antioxidant agent by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and decreasing the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (2) an anti-inflammatory agent characterized by a decrease in neuroinflammatory cytokines and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress; (3) inhibition of amyloid beta and tau hyperphosphorylation, resulting in a decrease in Aβ deposit and tau expression, as well as increased expression of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) and amyloid beta degrading enzyme; (4) Reducing the activated microglial cell population and decreasing ionized calcium binding adaptor-1 molecule (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); (5) regulating important molecules in insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism; (6) Inhibition of activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme..

A Case Report on Stercoral Colitis Complicated with Ischemic Colitis

Ms. Seena Mary Koshy — 2025-02-05

Stercoral colitis (SC) is an inflammatory condition of the large intestine caused by elevated intraluminal pressure secondary to fecal impaction. While several case reports exist on abdominal perforation resulting from SC, SC complicated by Ischemic colitis is rare.

Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Poultry Droppings, Rinse Water of Contaminated Eggs and Poultry Feeds in Makurdi, Nigeria

Tyoga kwaghar Michael — 2025-02-06

Salmonellosis is a common food-borne bacterial zoonotic disease. The emergence of antibiotic resistance among the Salmonella globally is a great public health Hazard. This study was undertaken to isolate, identify and study the Antibiogram of Salmonella present in fecal materials, fecally stained egg washings, and poultry feeds. Poultry feeds were obtained from retail shops and live birds market in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 300 samples were collected, and the isolation and identification of Salmonella done according to international standard method; non-selective enrichment, selective enrichment, isolation using Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), Selenite-F-broth and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar respectively. Positive samples were processed to study the antibiogram pattern by Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 300 samples, a total 83 samples were found to be positive (27.67%) for Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella in egg washings, fecal materials and poultry feeds was 11%, 72% and 0% respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05) on prevalence of the Salmonella among isolates from the sample sources and location. The Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least two or more antibiotics. Among tested drugs, Salmonella isolates was highly resistant to Ceporex (81.93%) followed by Nalidixic Acid (80.72%), Ampicilin (79.52%), Cotrimoxazole (65.06%) and Augmentin (63.86%). However, Salmonella isolates were Sensitive to Ofloxacin (63.85%) and Streptomycin (36.14%). From the results of the study, it is concluded that Salmonella isolates seen in poultry origin samples which indicate this could be potential vehicle for antibiotic resistant Salmonella-food-borne infection to humans. Hence there is need to create awareness among the public, poultry sellers, farmers and local food vendors of Makurdi-Benue state regarding hygienic practices adaptation, Strengthen Biosecurity Measures, Promote Responsible Antibiotic Use and also implementation of preventive measures.