International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

Belly Dancer’s Dyskinesia in Children: A Case Series

Okafor AF — 2026-10-02

Background: Belly dancer’s dyskinesia (BDD) is a rare movement disorder that affects the diaphragm and abdominal wall. It is characterized by spontaneous involuntary, rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm which makes the abdominal wall move in a way that resembles the belly dancer's movements. Majority of the documented reports were that of adults.

Case reports: We presented three cases of Bellydancer’s dyskinesia seen in children within a period of one year. Two of the cases started spontaneously while one was triggered by persistent sneezing. They all resolved while sleeping or lying supine. Diagnosis was made clinically. Electroencephalography done for the patients were normal. Electromyogram was not done due to unavailability while abdominal ultrasound and Brain MRI were not done for the patients due to out of pocket payments and financial constraints. The first case responded well to Clonazepam after one month of treatment while the other two cases did not respond to Clonazepam. They responded moderately to sodium valproate and then completely to oral Gabapentin.

Conclusion: There is need for the creation of awareness on BDD to help clinicians avoid unnecessary and prolonged investigations and treatments.

Effect of Atrazine on Microbial and Physcochemical Parametrs of Atrazine Contaminated Soil

Success Eni Kalu — 2026-10-09

Rates of biodegradation are affected by atrazine's low solubility; surfactants may increase the degradation rate. Though the two alkyl moieties readily support growth of certain microorganisms, the atrazine ring is a poor energy source due to the oxidized state of ring carbon. The physiochemical parameters and microbial loads of the soil were determined using standard microbiological standards where tenfold serial dilution was carried out on the various soil samples which was inoculated using pour plate technique while the colorimetric method was employed in the in determination of the nitrogen, phosphorous and Potassium concentration. The pH meter was used to determine the soil pH. The experiment was carried out for a period of four weeks with the soil microbial load declining from 7.33 x 10⁸Cfu/ml to 1.11 x 10¹Cfu/ml across the various concentrations of atrazine from 0% to 120%. The pH increased from 5.17 to 8.96, the soil nutrients decreased as the days passes by were, the soil nitrogen content decreased from 6.543 nm to 1.341nm while Phosphorus decreased from 6.772nm to 0.877nm while the Potassium content also decreased from 6.456nm to 0.566nm. Three bacterial isolates where obtained from this study which includes Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus Sp. The Clostridium Sp. has the highest inhibition zone diameter at 500mg/ml of atrazine with 22.4 ± 0.00mm followed by Pseudomonas sp. with 20.5 ± 0.05mm and Bacillus sp. with the least inhibition diameter of 17.5 ± 0.01mm. These antimicrobial activities at various concentrations of atrazine reveals that atrazine was actually the major cause of the decline in the soil microbial load.

Role of Remifentanil in Prevention Increase of Intraocular Pressure after Suxamethonium Injection

Dr Mohammed Kassim AlRubaye — 2026-10-13

Background: Succinylcholine is used to facilitate rapid tracheal intubation in patients who are at risk of aspiration of gastric contents. However, administration of succinylcholine and tracheal intubation are associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Opioids generally attenuates this increase in IOP but may be associated with respiratory depression. Remifentanil has a rapid onset (time to peak effect 60-70 s), is metabolized rapidly and therefore respiratory depression should be short-lived. We have studied the efficacy of remifentanil in pre venting an increase in IOP after administration of succinylcholine and tracheal intubation in a double- blind, randomized study .

Aim: To evaluate the role of REMIFENTANIL in decreasing IOP after succinylcholine injection and tracheal intubation (RAPID SEQUENCE INDUCTION).

Patient and method: It is a prospective, randomized double blinded clinical trial, done on 36 patients who had elective surgery in ophthalmology department ,after taking patients consent, we had studied changes in IOP after succinylcholine injection and tracheal intubation 3 different times , by dividing patients in two groups, group R who takes Remifentanil 1µg/kg and propofol 2mg/kg induction ,and group C who received 5 ml normal saline with propofol 2mg/kg induction.

Results: Patients respond well, IOP had been decreased significantly in remifentanil

group. We found that P-Value between the two groups were less than 0.05.

Conclusion: Remifentanil has significant role on decreasing IOP in rapid sequence induction and tracheal intubation.

Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics of Canine Rickets: A Retrospective Record Review with A Clinical Case Series

Deeksha Singh — 2026-10-13

Canine rickets is a metabolic bone disease of growing dogs. This study reports the proportion of rickets in veterinary clinical records and describes the sex, age, breed and clinical characteristics of a separate series of confirmed clinical cases. Records of 45,000 canine cases from veterinary hospitals, private clinics and polyclinics in Pantnagar, Rudrapur, Haldwani, Bareilly, Dehradun, Moradabad and adjoining areas were reviewed retrospectively. Separately, 24 confirmed cases presented for treatment to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, were characterized clinically. Data were summarized as frequencies and percentages. Locomotor problems were documented in 2,096 of the 45,000 records and 404 cases were recorded as rickets, which is 0.90% of all records and 19.27% of dogs with documented locomotor problems. Area-wise occurrence ranged from 0.54% to 1.06%. Among the 24 clinical cases, 17 (70.83%) were male, 16 (66.67%) were in the 3 to 6 month age group and 22 (91.67%) were up to 6 months old. German Shepherd dogs were the most frequent breed (7/24; 29.17%). Lameness (75.00%) and bowing of the limbs (58.33%) were the most common clinical findings. Rickets accounted for about one in five dogs with documented locomotor problems in the reviewed records. The distributions in the clinical cases describe only the 24 dogs examined and do not indicate group-specific risk, because population denominators were not available.

Health Information Management Infrastructure, Resources and Record Management Processes in Tertiary Hospitals in Bayelsa State

Lucky Ebiteinye Dogiye — 2026-10-14

Background: Health Information Management (HIM) infrastructure, resources and record management processes are the building blocks for the creation, storage, retrieval and utilization of health information for healthcare decision making. Lack of infrastructure and information management processes could affect the availability and usefulness of the information needed by healthcare professionals. The association between HIM infrastructure, healthcare record management process and health care decision making was the focus of this study in the tertiary hospitals of Bayelsa State. The study design used was cross sectional survey. The study population were healthcare professionals in tertiary hospitals in Bayelsa State and three hundred and seven (307) of them were selected. A structured questionnaire with 4-point Likert scale was used for data collection. The data obtained were summarized using descriptive statistics which are in the form of frequency, percentage and mean, and the hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that the infrastructure and resources for HIM were rated at moderate level (cluster mean = 2.47). Lack of funding for HIM activities (M = 2.30), trained HIM personnel (M = 2.34), electricity supply (M = 2.36), physical record-storage facilities (M = 2.39) and technical/IT support (M = 2.42) were noted as major deficiencies. Decisions made were moderately supported by access to health information, especially by evidence-based professional decisions (M = 2.61) and patient-management decisions (M = 2.59). Record management processes were generally rated low with the grand mean of 2.41, especially record retrieval, updating and timely availability. There was a significant positive association between the decision making and HIM infrastructure and resources (r = 0.540, p < 0.001) according to Pearson correlation. Another significant positive relationship was established between the decision quality and timeliness and record management processes (r = 0.610, p<0.001). The study found that while the HIM infrastructure and resources were moderately available, significant gaps existed, and that HIM record management procedures were generally weak. However, the improvements of HIM infrastructure, resources and record management were significantly correlated with better healthcare decision making. The tertiary hospital is expected to have strong HIM infrastructure, sustainable funding, adequate HIM staffing and training, improved electricity and technical support, improved procedures for record management, expanded and maintained EHI systems, and to encourage regular usage of quality health information for clinical, administrative and managerial decisions. impacts decision making