International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

Vitamin E-Mediated Modulation of Pulmonary Toxicity and Mineral Homeostasis in Experimental Rats Exposed to Crude Oil Vapor

Adeyemi, Oyeyemi — 2025-03-06

This study investigated the biochemical and mineral alterations in the lungs of experimental rats exposed to varying concentrations of crude oil vapor, focusing on tissue injury markers and mineral homeostasis. The experimental design included six groups (A–F) subjected to increasing exposure levels, with Group A serving as the control. Key biochemical parameters assessed included Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, serum Total Protein (TP), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphorous (P) levels were evaluated to determine systemic effects. Results revealed dose-dependent increases in all enzyme activities, indicating significant tissue damage and oxidative stress. LDH levels increased significantly at higher exposure levels, with Groups E and F showing mean values of 14.76 U/L and 15.75 U/L, respectively. GGT activity exhibited a progressive rise across all groups, with Group F reaching 9.87 U/L. ALT levels showed modest increases (1.57–2.28 U/L), suggesting partial tissue protection by vitamin E. AST levels also rose significantly, peaking at 5.71 U/L in Group F, highlighting systemic toxicity. Regression analysis identified ALT (coefficient = 3.024) and GGT (coefficient = 0.909) as the most significant predictors of AST levels (R² = 0.897), underscoring the interdependence of oxidative stress and tissue injury. Mineral analysis demonstrated progressive increases in TP (0.31–0.77 g/dL), Ca (4.21–7.53 mg/dL), and P (2.30–7.07 mg/dL), indicating disruptions in mineral homeostasis potentially linked to lung tissue damage and dysfunction. The close association between elevated calcium and phosphorus levels suggests possible soft tissue calcification at higher exposure levels. In conclusion, crude oil vapor exposure induces dose-dependent pulmonary toxicity characterized by oxidative stress, tissue injury, and mineral imbalances. Although vitamin E provided partial protection, the findings highlight the need for higher antioxidant doses or combined protective strategies to mitigate the toxicological impacts of crude oil vapor exposure.

Anti-Gastric Ulcer Activity of Red Cabbage Ethanol Extract (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.)

Windy Putri Kumala — 2025-03-07

Gastric ulcer is a disease characterized by damage to the gastric mucosal lining. Gastric ulcers can be caused by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection, smoking, and stress. The use of drugs tends to have negative effects on the body and safer alternative drugs from natural ingredients are needed. Therefore, this study aims to determine the anti-gastric ulcer activity of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) ethanol extract on the stomach of mice induced by aspirin and determine the best dose that provides protection. This research method includes sample preparation, extraction by maceration. Furthermore, the flavonoid test uses a qualitative staining test method. While the anti-gastric ulcer test uses a laboratory experimental method with a Posttest Only Control Group Design designs. A total of 25 male mice were divided into 5 groups with 5 mice in each group including cabbage extract at a dose of 21 mg/Kg BW of mice, cabbage extract at a dose of 42 mg/Kg BW of mice, cabbage extract at a dose of 84 mg/Kg BW of mice, a comparison of cimetidine 0.52 mg/Kg BW of mice, and the control was only given distilled water. The results of the study showed that red cabbage extract contains flavonoid compounds and can reduce the average number and severity of gastric ulcers in mice with an optimum dose of 84 mg/kg BW.

Evaluation of Aphrodisiac Potentials of Corchorus Olitorius Leaves and Stem Ethanolic Extracts in Male Wistar Rats

Elizabeth Krukru — 2025-03-07

Aside from the acclaimed rich nutritional constituents of Corchorus Olitorius plant (commonly called Ewedu in Yoruba language), there are anecdotal claims of its possible aphrodisiac potentials. Thus, the present study sets out to evaluate the aphrodisiac potentials of ethanolic extracts of Corchorus olitorius (Ewedu) leaves and stems in male Wistar rats. Twenty four (24) adult male and ten (10) adult female (for the sake of mating activities only with no treatments) Wistar rats weighing between 160g and 180g were obtained for the study and housed in the animal house facility of department of human physiology, Rivers State University. The study models were randomly distributed into six different groups of 4 male rats each: Group 1 served as normal control and received 1ml normal saline daily, Group 2 served as standard control and received 5mg/kg body weight (b.w) of sildenafil citrate (at least an hour prior to the start of the experiment), Groups 3 (a) 3 (b) received 500mg/kg bw of the Corchorus Olitorius leaf and stem extracts respectively, Groups 4 (a) and 4 (b) received 1000mg/kg bw of Corchorus Olitorius leaf and stem extracts respectively. At the end of the respective treatments, the sexual behavior test was carried out on the study models. And numerical data derived from the study were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS) version 25.0. The results revealed that the leaf and stem portions of the Ewedu plant are capable of significantly (p<0.05) raising mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF) and ejaculation latency (EL) values in the treated study models and the manner was similar to that of a standard drug (Sildenafil citrate, a known phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor that treats erectile dysfunction). The study also recorded significant (p<0.05) decreases in the post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) durations of the study models treated with low and high doses of the both extracts. In conclusion, the leaf and stem portions of the Ewedu plant can be said to enhance sexual desire and copulation performance and outcomes thus indicating their aphrodisiac attributes of potentially improving libido, potency and sexual pleasure.

Effects of Corchorus Olitorius Leaves and Stem Ethanolic Extract on Seminal Quality and Testicular Histology in Male Wistar Rats.

Elizabeth Eepho Krukru — 2025-03-07

Corchorus Olitorius (Ewedu or Jute) plant leaf is a popularly used vegetable, especially, amongst the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria; it is also admired for its possible tradomedicinal potencies on several conditions including aphrodisiac effects. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of Corchorus olitorius leaves and stem ethanolic extract on seminal quality and testicular histology in male Wistar rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats weighing between 160g and 180g were procured for the study and housed in a standard animal house facility. The study models were selected into six different groups of 4 male rats per group: Group 1 (normal control) received 1ml normal saline daily, Group 2 (standard control group) received 5mg/kg body weight (b.w) of sildenafil citrate, Groups 3 (a) 3 (b) received 500mg/kg bw of the Corchorus Olitorius leaf and stem extracts respectively, Groups 4 (a) and 4 (b) received 1000mg/kg bw of the leaf and stem extracts of the plant. At the end of the separate treatments, semen and testicular tissues were harvested from the study models following standard methods. The result comparatively revealed increased abnormal sperm cells and reduced normal and viable sperm cells, as well as reduced sperm count and volume in the extracts treated models; these were marginal (p<0.05) in the Corchorus olitorius (Ewedu) stem extract treated models but significant (p<0.05) in the leaf extract treated models. The extracts were also noticed to have exerted mild interstitial tissue lesions (ISTL) with degeneration of Leydig cell as well as mild spermatic cells distortion when compared to those of the control and standard drug treated group. In conclusion, the findings of the current study points at seminal quality reductive potentials of the extracts in the models.

The Effect of Consuming Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora) on Salivary pH Based on Gender

Poetry Oktanauli — 2025-03-20

Backgrounds: The degree of acidity (pH) of saliva plays an important role in dental caries, periodontal disease, and various other oral diseases. A low degree of accidity (4.5- 5.5) will supports acidogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus to grow. Diet patterns influence the degree of acidity (pH) of saliva. Coffee is a familiar drink to all ages and genders. The main content of robusta coffee are caffeine, carbohydrates, protein, organic acids, trigonelline and chlorogenic acid can cause a decrease in the acidity (pH) levels of men's and women's saliva.

Objectives: Provide information regarding the effect of consuming robusta coffee on salivary pH based on gender.

Methods: This study used 32 samples divided into 2 groups, which are male and female groups aged 20-24 years with an experimental research type and pretest-posttest group design. The normality test used Shapiro- Wilk, and statistical tests used the Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test.

Results: Based on the results of the statistical tests showed a decrease in salivary pH in each group (P = 0.01 for the male group and P = 0.029 for the female group) after consuming robusta coffee. However, there was no significant difference in effect between the two groups (P = 0.217) after consuming robusta coffee.

Conclusion: Consuming robusta coffee can decrease men’s and women’s salivary pH, but there is no significant difference in effect between the two groups. The decrease in men’s salivary pH has a greater value compared to women’s salivary pH.

Rare Case of Isolated True Aneurysm in the Superficial Femoral Artery with Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report

Vivian Ndidi Akagbue — 2025-03-20

This is a case report of a 83-year-old male patient who has undergone multiple dialysis of late via femoral vein cannulation of both lower limbs, who presented with bilateral limb swelling, pain and immobility of about of three weeks.

Doppler ultrasound scan revealed a huge left superficial femoral aneurysm with Ying-Yang colour flow sign with ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis. Note associated muscle collections bilaterally worse on the left.

We present a case of left superficial femoral artery aneurysm with associated deep vein thrombosis as well as bilateral lower limb intramuscular hematoma. Doppler ultrasound is extremely valuable in the immediate diagnosis of cause of swollen and painful limbs to rule out deep vein thrombosis and/or aneurysms. Most facilities have doppler component in their ultrasound machine and also Radiologists who are proficient in the doppler studies.

Impact of Azanza Garckeana Seed Extract on Body Weight and Basic Reproductive Profiles in Lead-Intoxicated Male Wistar Rats

Dagbota Dan-Jumbo — 2025-03-21

Azanza garckeana (Gorun Tula) is a commonly consumed edible plant, in parts of Nigeria, with claims by many that it possesses several medicinal potencies like aphrodisiac effects and more. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of the Azanza garckeana hydromethanolic seed extract (AgSE) on percentage body weight changes, reproductive hormonal levels and testicular histology in male Wistar rats. Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were procured and randomly selected into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as negative control and had only 1ml distilled water, group 2 served as positive control and was treated with 25mg/kg lead chloride only, group 3 was administered Clomide (50mg/kg) as standard drug, group 4 had 250mg/kg AgSE and PbCL₂ 25mg/kg, group 5 had 500mg/kg AgSE and PbCl₂ 25mg/kg and group 6 750mg/kg AgSE and PbCl2 25mg/kg for 28 days. At the end of treatments, blood and testicular tissue samples were harvested from the rats after proper sedation with chloroform. Numerical data obtained from the study were subjected to statistical analyses using analyses of variance and Post Hoc test tools of the SPSS Version 29.0.10. AgSE and clomide treated rats showed significantly (p<0.05) increased percentage body weight changes when compared to the positive control group. Groups 4 (treated with 250mg/kg AgSE) and 6 (treated with 750mg/kg AgSE) showed significant increase in reproductive hormonal levels (testosterone) when compared to the Groups 1, 2 and 3. The outcome on the testes histological analysis revealed that group 4 (treated with 250mg/kg AgSE) had only mild sloughing off of germinal cells, intact sertoli and leydig cells when compared to that of Group 2 (positive control) that showed obvious degenerative changes in germ cells with Leydig cells lesions. Thus, the AgSE may possess ameliorative potentials on PbCl₂altered percentage body weight, reproductive hormones and testicular tissues.

Potential use of Alpha Klotho in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review

Derallah A. Lindra — 2025-03-21

Objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with ongoing inflammation, overuse injury, and accelerated aging of the lungs. Alpha Klotho is an anti-aging protein that protects cells from inflammation and damage. Alpha Klotho effectively reduces oxidative stress and maintains mitochondrial function by involving the reduction of ROS (reactive oxygen species) through the expression of antioxidant proteins as well as the suppression of ROS-related oxidative stress signaling pathways. However, there is still limited research on the potential use of alpha klotho in relation to oxidative stress in COPD. The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of alpha klotho in relation to oxidative stress in COPD.

Method: This research method uses the Systematic Review method by collecting secondary data from scientific research articles from 2014 - 2024. Data search used the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Plos Medicine, Taylor and Francis, Nature. Conducted using the terms: alpha klotho, COPD, oxidative stress.

Results: 2 studies were selected for Systematic Review. Shows that alpha Klotho inhibits oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory mediators so that it can protect lung cells from inflammation and further damage in COPD.

Conclusion: This review suggests that targeting the use of alpha klotho may be useful in suppressing oxidative stress that occurs in disease progression in COPD patients.