Anticoagulant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Coleus Scutellarioides ( L. ) Benth
Main Article Content
Abstract
Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth has been used as a traditional medicine as an antibacterial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, and appetite enhancer and can treat various types of diseases such as coughs, hemorrhoids, boils, fever, diarrhea, and improves the menstrual cycle. C. scutellarioides plants grow in areas that have moist soil, such as rice fields, wild plants, or medicinal plants. This plant contains chemical compounds, including essential oils, flavonoids, phytosterols, alkaloids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the anticoagulant activity of the ethanol extract of C. scutellarioides. The method used in this research starts with sampling C. scutellarioides, making simplicia, extraction by maceration with ethanol solvent, and testing anticoagulant activity with two methods, namely the modified Lee-White method and the blood smear method. The modified Lee-White method was visually observed and tested on each type of human blood group, namely blood groups A, B, AB, and O, while the blood smear method was observed microscopically. The results of this research concluded that using the modified Lee-White method, C. scutellarioides extract with an extract concentration of 40 ppm had activity as an anticoagulant against various types of blood groups. In the directional smear method, preparations from blood samples were given. C. scutellarioides microscopically has anticoagulant activity because the blood cells were not related to each other, were still intact, and were separated from one another.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. E. N. Sholikhah, “Indonesian medicinal plants as sources of secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical industry,” J. thee Med. Sci. (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran), vol. 48, no. 04, pp. 226–239, 2016, doi: 10.19106/jmedsci004804201606.
II. R. Cahyaningsih, J. Magos Brehm, and N. Maxted, Setting the priority medicinal plants for conservation in Indonesia, vol. 68, no. 5. Springer Netherlands, 2021.
III. T. A. Yanto, M. Hatta, A. Bukhari, and R. Natzir, “Molecular and immunological mechanisms of miana leaf (coleus scutellariodes [L] benth) in infectious diseases,” Biomed. Pharmacol. J., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1607–1618, 2020,
doi: 10.13005/BPJ/2036.
IV. C. Tangkeallo and T. D. Widyaningsih, “KAJIAN JENIS BAHAN BAKU DAN PENAMBAHAN SERBUK JAHE Antioxidant Activity of Miana Based Drink Powder Materials and Additional Ginger Powder,” J. Pangan dan Agroindustri, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 278–284, 2014.
V. V. Lisdawati, D. Mutiatikum, S. Alegantina, and Y. A. N, “Karakteristik Daun Miana (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) Bth.) dan Buah Sirih (Piper betle L.) Secara Fisiko Kimia Dari Ramuan Lokal Antimalaria Daerah Sulawesi Utara,” Media Penelit. dan Pengemb. Kesehat., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 213–225, 2012.
VI. A. Ahmad and M. N. Massi, “International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 2 ’, 5 ’-DIMETHYL BENZOPELARGONOLACTONE FROM THE LEAF OF Coleus atropurpureus L . BENTH,” vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 758–764, 2014.
VII. S. R. Pakadang, “Potential of Miana Leaves ( Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth ) As an Antibacterial Streptococcus Pneumonia , Staphylococcus Aureus , Staphylococcus Epidermidis , Klebsiella Pneumonia from Sputum Cough Patients in Makassar City,” Proceeding 1st. Int. Conf. Heal. Polytech. Kupang, vol. 1, pp. 122–131, 2018.
VIII. D. E. Kusumawati and M. Bintang, “Uji Antibakteri Bakteri Endofit Jawer Kotok (Coleus scutellarioides L. Benth) Terhadap Bakteri Bacillus cereus dan Salmonella enteritidis,” Curr. Biochem., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 11–16, 2023, doi: 10.29244/cb.10.1.2.
IX. G. Owusu, E. Nyampong, D. Hadah, D. Boaheng, B. A. Owusu, and B. E. Petershie, “Ethanolic leaf extract of Solanum mauritianum promotes fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization in wound excision model in rats,” Sci. African, vol. 24, no. March, p. e02198, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02198.
X. C.-C. Ju et al., “Epigenetic modification: A novel insight into diabetic wound healing,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 6, p. e28086, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28086.
XI. N. Z. Jin and S. C. B. Gopinath, “Potential blood clotting factors and anticoagulants,” Biomed. Pharmacother., vol. 84, pp. 356–365, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.057.
XII. J. S. Gauer et al., “Effect of anticoagulants on fibrin clot structure: A comparison between vitamin K antagonists and factor Xa inhibitors,” Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost., vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1269–1281, 2020, doi: 10.1002/rth2.12443.
XIII. M. A. Madore, “Carbohydrate metabolism in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues of variegated leaves of Coleus blumei Benth,” Plant Physiol., vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 617–622, 1990, doi: 10.1104/pp.93.2.617.
XIV. D. E. Kusumawati, U. M. S. Purwanto, M. Bintang, and F. H. Pasaribu, “Analysis of Metabolite Compound Profiles of Miana Leaves Endophytic Bacteria (Coleus scutellariodes) using GC-MS,” Curr. Biochem., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 63–67, 2022, doi: 10.29244/cb.8.2.2.
XV. Y. Ridwan, L. K. Darusman, and F. Satrija, “Kandungan Kimia Berbagai Ekstrak Daun Miana (Coleus Blumei Benth) Dan Efek Anthelmintiknya Terhadap Cacing Pita Pada Ayam,” J. Ilmu Pertan. Indones., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2006.
XVI. J. B. Harborne;, “Metode Fitokimia : Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan,” 1987, [Online]. Available: http://perpustakaan.stifar.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=448&keywords=harborne.
XVII. J. B. HARBORNE, General Procedures and Measurement of Total Phenolics, vol. 1. ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED, 1989.
XVIII. Rahmawati Rahmawati, Muammar Fawwas, Rais Razak, and Utami Ismlamiati, “Potensi Antikoagulan Sari Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Menggunakan Metode Lee-White dan Apusan Darah,” Maj. Farm., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 42–48, 2018.
XIX. [19] Q. H. Vu, H. T. Van, V. T. Tran, T. D. P. Huynh, V. C. Nguyen, and D. T. Le, “Development of a robust blood smear preparation procedure for external quality assessment,” Pract. Lab. Med., vol. 27, no. August, p. e00253, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00253.
XX. A. Narasimha, H. Kumar, and C. S. B. R. Prasad, “Anticoagulant induced artefacts in peripheral blood smears,” Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 43–48, 2008, doi: 10.1007/s12288-008-0027-6.
XXI. V. Prasad, D. Sharma, and S. Lata Verma, “Peripheral Blood Smear Examination: An Overview,” Webology, vol. 19, no. 2, p. 3170, 2022.
XXII. J. M. Connors, “Testing and monitoring direct oral anticoagulants,” Blood, vol. 132, no. 19, pp. 2009–2015, 2018, doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-791541.
XXIII. C. S. Landefeld, E. F. Cook, M. Flatley, M. Weisberg, and L. Goldman, “Identification and preliminary validation of predictors of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy,” Am. J. Med., vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 703–713, 1987, doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90004-0.
XXIV. M. Heestermans, G. Poenou, H. Hamzeh-Cognasse, F. Cognasse, and L. Bertoletti, “Anticoagulants: A Short History, Their Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, and Indications,” Cells, vol. 11, no. 20, pp. 1–17, 2022, doi: 10.3390/cells11203214.
XXV. S. Mannuß, “Influence of different methods and anticoagulants on platelet parameter measurement,” J. Lab. Med., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 255–272, 2020, doi: 10.1515/labmed-2020-0037.