Skin Brightening Cream Formulation and Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay of Moringa Leaf Extract
Main Article Content
Abstract
Moringa oleifera L. leaves are known to have very high protein content and contain isoflavones, inhibiting tyrosinase activity. The study was conducted to test the tyrosinase inhibitor activity of Moringa leaf extract and to formulate the extract as a skin brightening cream. Research shows that the extract of Moringa leaves has good activity as an inhibitor of tyrosinase and can be developed as a skin brightening cream. The results of the cream formulations showed good cosmetology properties (pH, homogeneity, and spreadibility).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. Abrams, B. D.-P. (1993). A prospective study of dietary intake and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 949-958.
II. Abuye C, A. O. (1999). Familial tendency and dietary association of goitre in Gamo-Gofa, Ethiopia. East African Medical Journal, 447-451.
III. Akhtar AH, K. A. (1995). Anti-ulcerogenic evaluation of the methanolic extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in aspirin-ulcerated rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1-6.
IV. Anderson DMW, P. B. (1986). The gum exudates from Chloroxylon swietenia, Sclerocarya caffra, Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera. Phytochemistry, 247-249.
V. Anwar F, a. M. (2003). Analytical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil grown in temperate regions of Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 6558-6563.
VI. Bennett, R. N., Mellon, F. A., Foidl, N., Pratt, J. H., Dupont, M. S., Perkins, L., & Kroon, P. A. (2003). Profiling Glucosinolates and Phenolics in Vegetative and Reproductive Tissues of the Multi-Purpose Trees Moringa oleifera L. (Horseradish Tree) and Moringa stenopetala L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 3546-3553.
VII. Bursala, E., & Köksal, E. (2010). Evaluation of reducing power and radical scavenging activities of water and ethanol extracts from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.). Food Research International, 44(7), 2217-2221.
VIII. Chabani, S., Lavaud, C., Benkhaled, M., Harakat, D., Long, C., & Haba, H. (2016). Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins from Atractylis flava. Phytochemistry Letters, 15, 88-93. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2015.11.017
IX. Chang, T.-S. D.-Y.-C. (2005). Identifying 6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone as a Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 1999-2001.
X. Cuorto E., K. C. (1999). Inhibitors of Mammalian Melanocyte Tyrosinase: In Vitro Comparisons of Alkyl Esters of Gentisic Acid with other Putative Inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol, 57:663–72.
XI. Daniele, C., Dahamna, S., Firuzi, O., Sekfali, N., Saso, L., & Mazzanti, G. (2005). Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning: an ethnopharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97(2).
XII. Fahey, J. W., Zalcmann, A. T., & Talalay, P. (2001). The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry, 5-51.
XIII. Falleh, H., Ksouri, R., Chaieb, K., Karray-Bouraoui, N., Trabelsi, N., Boulaaba, M., & Abdelly, C. (2008). Phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus L. organs, and their biological activities. Comptes
XIV. Rendus Biologies, 331(5), 372-379. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.02.008.
XV. Garg A, A. D. (2002). Spreading of Semisolid Formulations. Pharmaceutical of Technology, 84-105.
XVI. Gillbro, J. M. (2011). The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents - existing and new approaches. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 210-221.
XVII. Indonesia, D. K. (1979). Farmakope Indonesia III . Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.
XVIII. Indonesia, S. N. (1998). Skin Whitening Cream. Badan Standardisasi Indonesia.
XIX. Jiangning, G., Xinchu, W., Hou, W., Qinghu, L., & Kaishun, B. (2005). Antioxidants from a Chinese medicinal herb – Psoralea corylifolia L. Food Chemistry, 91(2), 287-292.
XX. K, A. (1995). The major constituents of the acetone fraction of Ethiopian Moringa stenopetala leaves. Mansoura Journal of Pharmacological Science, 55-64.
XXI. Kwon, B. S. (1989). Isolation, Chromosomal Mapping, and Expression of the Mouse Tyrosinase Gene. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 589-594.
XXII. Lachman L, L. H. (1994). Teori dan Praktek Farmasi Industri. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
XXIII. LJ, F. (2001). The Miracle Tree: The Multiple Attributes of Moringa. Dakar: Church World Service.
XXIV. Miguel, M. G. (2009). Antioxidant activity of medicinal and aromatic plants. A review. Antioxidants and Oxidation. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25(5), 291-312. doi:10.1002/ffj.1961
XXV. Mitzui T, e. (1997). New Cosmetic Science. 1st ed. Elsevier.
XXVI. Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
XXVII. Prota, G. (1988). Progress in the chemistry of melanins and related metabolites. Medicinal Research Reviews, 525-556.
XXVIII. R., V. (1994). Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi 5th ed. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
XXIX. Raghuveer, C., & Tandon, R. (2009). Consumption of functional food and our health concerns. Pakistan Journal of Physiology, 5(1), 76-83.
XXX. Rahmawanty D, Y. N. (2015). Formulation and evaluation of peel off face mask containing quersetin with various in the concentration of gelatin and glycerin. Media Farmasi, 17-32.
XXXI. Ramamoorthy, P., & Bono, A. (2007). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of Morinda citrifolia fruit extracts from various extraction processes. Journal of Engineering Science and Technolog, 2(1), 70-80.
XXXII. Rhaffari, L. E., & Abdelhamid, Z. (2002). Pratique de la phytothérapie dans le sud-est du Maroc (Tafilalet) : un savoir empirique pour une pharmacopée rénovée. In J. Fleurentin, J. Pelt, & M. G., In Des sources du Savoir aux médicaments du futur (pp. 293–318). Paris: IRD.
XXXIII. Rowe RC, S. P. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th ed. Grayslake: Pharmaceutical Press.
XXXIV. Spritz, R. A. (1994). Genetic Disorders of Pigmentation. In R. A. Spritz, Advances in Human Genetics (pp. 1-45).
XXXV. Yong-guang, B., Ding-long, Y., XIAO-jun, H., Yu-min, L., & Min-xia, H. (2012). Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide of Atractylis Macroceohala Koidz of Experiment*. Energy Procedia, 17B, 1778-1785.